ESSAY MAIN BODY

Today’s automation industry has rapidly changed its outer skeleton with the touch of digital advancement and the very lively example of this excellence is the self-driving cars. Self-driving cars are commonly known as automation cars, mostly incorporated with vehicular automation (Soni et al. 2021). Vehicular automation is a grounded vehicle that has the capability to sense the other environment with very little or no human input. It has the capability to reduce accidents with the help of artificial integrated features. On the other hand, self-driving cars; even though they are called autonomous cars, are slightly different from the above. In the case of self-driving cars, human passengers need to be present there all the time and ready to take control whenever there is a need. These cars fall under Level 3 that is conditional driving automation and Level 4 that is high drive automation. However, the full autonomous cars would belong to the group of Level 5 which required zero percent of human interactions (Synopsys.com, 2022). SAE (The Society of Automotive Engineers) has defined the self-driving cars from level 0 that is fully manual to level 5 that is fully autonomous (Synopsys.com, 2022). SAE has most often used the term automated rather than autonomous because there is an implication of electromechanical effect linked with autonomous. All these autonomous vehicles have different sensor parts surrounding the vehicle which help in the creation of the map and to follow those for the vehicles (Karnouskos, 2018). It also has radar sensors for monitoring the presence of any other vehicles nearby, video cameras for detection of traffic lights, tracking other vehicles, passengers or reading the road signs. Ultrasonic sensors in wheels help in detecting curbs and the existence of other vehicles in the parking. Besides this there is also some sophisticated software that controls the braking, acceleration and steering of vehicles (Synopsys.com, 2022).